This document elaborates in detail on the installation standards and operation procedures of distribution transformers. First, the formalities for work approval and acceptance of construction tasks need to be completed, with written approval from the competent department. Then, on-site investigation is carried out by the on-site construction leader and technicians. They record relevant information, determine hazard points and control measures, and formulate a construction plan. Before construction, a pre-shift meeting should be held. The work leader needs to conduct a technical disclosure, explaining the construction plan, process quality requirements, and precautions. Meanwhile, a safety disclosure is carried out, clarifying hazard points such as prevention of falling from heights, electric pole collapse and injury, falling objects from heights causing injury, and the transformer falling or collapsing and causing injury, as well as corresponding control measures. Finally, work tasks are assigned and personnel are divided.

В данной статье представлено подробное введение в сухой испытательный трансформатор GTB. В нем рассматриваются такие аспекты, как характеристики компоновки структуры изоляции, решения проблем утечки масла, обращение с высоковольтным выходным концом, конструкция масляного бака, а также структура железного сердечника и катушек. В нем подробно описывается назначение этого трансформатора для выдачи высокого переменного и постоянного напряжения для проверки на месте изоляционных характеристик различного электрооборудования, перечисляются его многочисленные альтернативные названия и приводятся подробные методы использования, включая подготовку перед использованием, подключение к сети, состав полного комплекта оборудования, операции по испытаниям постоянного тока и меры предосторожности при каскадном подключении. В нем также подчеркивается, что он строго соблюдает соответствующие стандарты для обеспечения безопасности.

This article focuses on 15 fundamental issues of power transformers, covering key areas such as the grounding of the transformer core, gas protection, and the handling of cooler failures. It elaborates in detail on aspects like the conditions for parallel operation of transformers, the causes of abnormal noises, and the adjustment limitations of the tap changers of on-load tap changer devices. It also involves knowledge points such as methods to improve the efficiency of transformers and the influencing factors of transformer capacity. By answering these questions, it systematically sorts out the basic knowledge of the operation and maintenance of power transformers for readers.

The 3D laser scanning technology, with its non-contact high-speed measurement method, can efficiently obtain relevant data of the terrain and complex objects. After processing, it can construct 3D models and is also known as the real-scene replication technology.

The 3D laser scanning solution for substations consists of the following steps. It includes the analysis of measurement requirements, clarifying the scanning area, accuracy, and method according to the actual situation of the substation. During on-site measurement, attention should be paid to the selection, layout, and debugging of the scanning equipment. Data processing involves operations such as cleaning and registration to generate 3D models. Model verification ensures the accuracy and integrity of the data. Finally, the model is applied to various aspects of the operation and maintenance management of the substation.

It should be noted that this solution needs to be designed and adjusted in combination with factors such as the site conditions, safety requirements, and measurement accuracy, and professional technology and equipment are required to ensure the quality of the data.

Transformers are of great importance in the distribution network, and their operating conditions have a far-reaching impact. This article focuses on the daily maintenance of transformers, covering two major aspects.

The first is to strengthen daily inspections, maintenance, and regular testing. This includes checking the appearance for oil leakage, listening to the sound to identify faults, cleaning oil stains and dust, observing the oil color and temperature, measuring the insulation resistance, measuring and balancing the load, and regularly checking and replacing fuses.

The second is to prevent external damage, involving reasonable site selection, avoiding the installation of low-voltage metering boxes, prohibiting the unauthorized adjustment of tap changers, installing insulation covers, and regularly inspecting the lines and cutting branches along the line channels. All these measures aim to ensure the safe and stable operation of transformers.

Transformers play a crucial role in the power system, and their operating status is directly related to the stability of power supply. This content focuses on the maintenance and fault repair methods of transformers. Firstly, it introduces the basic principles, components, functions, and common classifications of transformers.

Then, it elaborates on the key points of maintenance: In terms of capacity, the normal operating load should preferably be 75 - 90% of the rated capacity. The temperature needs to be recorded regularly, and the three-phase load of distribution transformers should be paid attention to during the period of maximum load. For insulation monitoring, the insulation resistance of the coils should be measured after installation, maintenance, and long-term outages. In terms of the current range, the maximum unbalanced current on the low-voltage side should not exceed 25% of the rated value, and the change in the power supply voltage should be within ±5% of the rated value. If it exceeds this range, a tap changer should be used for adjustment. In the case of overload, it is allowed for a short time under special circumstances, but there are different limits for winter and summer.

Finally, it explains the fault repair. Common faults include short circuits, open circuits, and leakage, which are caused by design errors, poor manufacturing quality, and exceeding the designed operating conditions. The repair steps are to disassemble the iron core, heat it to melt the poured materials, and carefully remove the silicon steel sheets. Then, disassemble the coils, inspect the appearance and the faulty coil, record key data, deal with the fault, rewind it according to the original method, and conduct a comprehensive test. It can be put back into use only after passing the test.

The converter station is vital in DC transmission for AC - DC energy conversion. Besides common AC yard equipment, it has unique devices. The converter handles AC - DC conversion with growing unit capacity. The converter transformer, key for conversion, has valve - side windings under special stress, differing from ordinary ones. AC - DC filters direct converter - generated harmonics to ground, with AC filters also supplying reactive power, supplemented by special equipment when needed. The smoothing reactor protects valves from DC - side overvoltages, smoothes current ripples, and reduces commutation failure risk during DC short - circuits, ensuring stable operation.

The safe operation of power transformers relies on a complete protection mechanism. Large-scale power transformers are equipped with both electrical and non-electrical quantity protections. When electrical quantity protection fails to deal with certain faults, non-electrical quantity protection becomes crucial for ensuring the safety of the main transformer. For example, gas protection serves as the main protection against internal faults. The gas relay plays a significant role in gas protection, and its operation and maintenance involve multiple key points such as gas discharge, circuit connection, and performance verification.

The temperature of the cooling medium and windings of the transformer must be strictly controlled, which is achieved by relying on the temperature controller. The temperature controller includes the oil surface temperature controller and the winding temperature controller. Among them, the oil surface temperature controller measures the temperature by utilizing the characteristics of the temperature-sensitive liquid and regulates the cooling system, and the measured values can be displayed remotely. Dual oil surface temperature controllers are often configured for large-scale transformers. In addition, the setting of connecting the contacts of the temperature controller to the trip circuit needs to comprehensively consider the structure of the transformer and the duty mode of the substation, and the trip signal should use hard contacts to prevent the misoperation of the non-electrical quantity protection.

The global energy is transitioning towards a low-carbon and sustainable direction. The emergence of a large number of new energy sources has significantly increased the demand for power equipment. According to the data of the International Energy Agency, the demand for related projects and grid investment is huge.

With 20 years of industry accumulation, Shengzhi Power integrates power services such as research and development, design, and manufacturing. Its business covers multiple fields and more than 100 countries and regions.

Under the opportunity of the energy transition, the export of its transformer business has been growing rapidly. There are two forms of export, namely indirect export and direct export. The base in Henan has already exported to more than 30 countries and regions.

Despite the issue of additional tariffs in exports, transformers produced domestically are still competitive overseas due to their cost advantages.

The Middle East is vigorously developing the photovoltaic industry, and domestic related manufacturers are "going global". There is broad room for growth in the future export of Chinese transformers.