Los transformadores son de gran importancia en la red de distribución y sus condiciones de funcionamiento tienen un impacto de gran alcance. Este artículo se centra en el mantenimiento diario de los transformadores, abarcando dos aspectos principales.

Lo primero es reforzar las inspecciones diarias, el mantenimiento y las pruebas periódicas. Esto incluye verificar la apariencia para detectar fugas de aceite, escuchar el sonido para identificar fallas, limpiar manchas de aceite y polvo, observar el color y la temperatura del aceite, medir la resistencia del aislamiento, medir y equilibrar la carga y verificar y reemplazar regularmente los fusibles.

El segundo es prevenir daños externos, lo que implica una selección razonable del sitio, evitar la instalación de cajas de medición de bajo voltaje, prohibir el ajuste no autorizado de cambiadores de tomas, instalar cubiertas de aislamiento e inspeccionar regularmente las líneas y cortar derivaciones a lo largo de los canales de las líneas. Todas estas medidas tienen como objetivo garantizar el funcionamiento seguro y estable de los transformadores.

Transformers play a crucial role in the power system, and their operating status is directly related to the stability of power supply. This content focuses on the maintenance and fault repair methods of transformers. Firstly, it introduces the basic principles, components, functions, and common classifications of transformers.

Then, it elaborates on the key points of maintenance: In terms of capacity, the normal operating load should preferably be 75 - 90% of the rated capacity. The temperature needs to be recorded regularly, and the three-phase load of distribution transformers should be paid attention to during the period of maximum load. For insulation monitoring, the insulation resistance of the coils should be measured after installation, maintenance, and long-term outages. In terms of the current range, the maximum unbalanced current on the low-voltage side should not exceed 25% of the rated value, and the change in the power supply voltage should be within ±5% of the rated value. If it exceeds this range, a tap changer should be used for adjustment. In the case of overload, it is allowed for a short time under special circumstances, but there are different limits for winter and summer.

Finally, it explains the fault repair. Common faults include short circuits, open circuits, and leakage, which are caused by design errors, poor manufacturing quality, and exceeding the designed operating conditions. The repair steps are to disassemble the iron core, heat it to melt the poured materials, and carefully remove the silicon steel sheets. Then, disassemble the coils, inspect the appearance and the faulty coil, record key data, deal with the fault, rewind it according to the original method, and conduct a comprehensive test. It can be put back into use only after passing the test.

The converter station is vital in DC transmission for AC - DC energy conversion. Besides common AC yard equipment, it has unique devices. The converter handles AC - DC conversion with growing unit capacity. The converter transformer, key for conversion, has valve - side windings under special stress, differing from ordinary ones. AC - DC filters direct converter - generated harmonics to ground, with AC filters also supplying reactive power, supplemented by special equipment when needed. The smoothing reactor protects valves from DC - side overvoltages, smoothes current ripples, and reduces commutation failure risk during DC short - circuits, ensuring stable operation.

The safe operation of power transformers relies on a complete protection mechanism. Large-scale power transformers are equipped with both electrical and non-electrical quantity protections. When electrical quantity protection fails to deal with certain faults, non-electrical quantity protection becomes crucial for ensuring the safety of the main transformer. For example, gas protection serves as the main protection against internal faults. The gas relay plays a significant role in gas protection, and its operation and maintenance involve multiple key points such as gas discharge, circuit connection, and performance verification.

The temperature of the cooling medium and windings of the transformer must be strictly controlled, which is achieved by relying on the temperature controller. The temperature controller includes the oil surface temperature controller and the winding temperature controller. Among them, the oil surface temperature controller measures the temperature by utilizing the characteristics of the temperature-sensitive liquid and regulates the cooling system, and the measured values can be displayed remotely. Dual oil surface temperature controllers are often configured for large-scale transformers. In addition, the setting of connecting the contacts of the temperature controller to the trip circuit needs to comprehensively consider the structure of the transformer and the duty mode of the substation, and the trip signal should use hard contacts to prevent the misoperation of the non-electrical quantity protection.

The global energy is transitioning towards a low-carbon and sustainable direction. The emergence of a large number of new energy sources has significantly increased the demand for power equipment. According to the data of the International Energy Agency, the demand for related projects and grid investment is huge.

With 20 years of industry accumulation, Shengzhi Power integrates power services such as research and development, design, and manufacturing. Its business covers multiple fields and more than 100 countries and regions.

Under the opportunity of the energy transition, the export of its transformer business has been growing rapidly. There are two forms of export, namely indirect export and direct export. The base in Henan has already exported to more than 30 countries and regions.

Despite the issue of additional tariffs in exports, transformers produced domestically are still competitive overseas due to their cost advantages.

The Middle East is vigorously developing the photovoltaic industry, and domestic related manufacturers are "going global". There is broad room for growth in the future export of Chinese transformers.